4 résultat(s) recherche sur le tag 'Libéralisation du commerce'

The policy roots of economic crisis and poverty

Public ISBD Titre : The policy roots of economic crisis and poverty : a multi-country participatory assessment of structural adjustment Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : SAPRIN Année de publication : April 2002 Importance : 188 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Libéralisation Commerce Tags : PED  Ajustement structurel  PME  Emploi  Marché du travail  Libéralisation du commerce  Secteur manufacturier  Secteur agricole  Libéralisation  Secteur financier  Sécurité alimentaire  Enseignement Index. décimale : 06.03 Bretton Woods The policy roots of economic crisis and poverty : a multi-country participatory assessment of structural adjustment [texte imprimé] . - [S.l.] : SAPRIN, April 2002 . - 188 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Libéralisation Commerce Tags : PED  Ajustement structurel  PME  Emploi  Marché du travail  Libéralisation du commerce  Secteur manufacturier  Secteur agricole  Libéralisation  Secteur financier  Sécurité alimentaire  Enseignement Index. décimale : 06.03 Bretton Woods

The determinants of liberalization of FDI policy in developing countries / Stephen Kobrin in Transnational Corporations, TRANSCORP 14/1 (April 2005) ([11/12/2018])  

Public ISBD [article]  inTransnational Corporations > TRANSCORP 14/1 (April 2005) [11/12/2018] . - p. 67-104 Titre : The determinants of liberalization of FDI policy in developing countries : a cross-sectional analysis, 1992-2001 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Stephen Kobrin, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p. 67-104 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Libéralisation Tags : Libéralisation du commerce  IDE  Pays en développement Index. décimale : 03.01 COMMERCE / MONDIALISATION Généralités Résumé : The decade of the 1990s was characterized by widespread liberalization of laws and regulations affecting inflows of foreign direct investment in developing countries. Using a data base supplied by UNCTAD, this article employs a cross-sectional regression methodology to analyze the determinants of liberalization of foreign direct investment policies in 116 developing countries from 1992 to 2001. Ninety-five per cent of the changes in such policies over the decade (1,029 of 1,086) were liberalizing rather than restrictive. Two possible explanations of liberalization are suggested: policy makers’ beliefs that attracting more foreign direct investment is in the best interests of their countries, and external pressure to adopt neoliberal economic policies either from the dominant power (the United States) or international organizations such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund. Results provide strong support for the “rational” decision (or “opportunity costs of closure”) argument and only limited support for the external pressure thesis. Country size, level of human resource capabilities and trade openness are found to be the primary determinants of the propensity to liberalize. En ligne : https://unctad.org/en/Docs/iteiit20051_en.pdf [article] The determinants of liberalization of FDI policy in developing countries : a cross-sectional analysis, 1992-2001 [texte imprimé] / Stephen Kobrin, Auteur . - 2018 . - p. 67-104. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transnational Corporations > TRANSCORP 14/1 (April 2005) [11/12/2018] . - p. 67-104 Catégories : Libéralisation Tags : Libéralisation du commerce  IDE  Pays en développement Index. décimale : 03.01 COMMERCE / MONDIALISATION Généralités Résumé : The decade of the 1990s was characterized by widespread liberalization of laws and regulations affecting inflows of foreign direct investment in developing countries. Using a data base supplied by UNCTAD, this article employs a cross-sectional regression methodology to analyze the determinants of liberalization of foreign direct investment policies in 116 developing countries from 1992 to 2001. Ninety-five per cent of the changes in such policies over the decade (1,029 of 1,086) were liberalizing rather than restrictive. Two possible explanations of liberalization are suggested: policy makers’ beliefs that attracting more foreign direct investment is in the best interests of their countries, and external pressure to adopt neoliberal economic policies either from the dominant power (the United States) or international organizations such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund. Results provide strong support for the “rational” decision (or “opportunity costs of closure”) argument and only limited support for the external pressure thesis. Country size, level of human resource capabilities and trade openness are found to be the primary determinants of the propensity to liberalize. En ligne : https://unctad.org/en/Docs/iteiit20051_en.pdf

The influence of Preferential Trade Agreements on the implementation of intellectual property rights in developing countries / Ermias Tekeste Biadgleng    

Public ISBD Titre : The influence of Preferential Trade Agreements on the implementation of intellectual property rights in developing countries : A first look Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Ermias Tekeste Biadgleng, Auteur ; Jean-Christophe Maur, Auteur Editeur : Genève [Suisse] : ICTSD Année de publication : 2011 Autre Editeur : Genève [Suisse] : ICTSD Collection : Issue Paper num. 33 Importance : 52 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Accords commerciaux Tags : Libéralisation du commerce  Accords commerciaux  Propriété intellectuelle  Commerce mondial  Pays en développement  OMPI Résumé : Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are gaining prominence among trade liberalization efforts. Yet little remains known about the extent to which the intellectual property (IP) provisions of PTAs translate into actual changes in domestic institutions and laws. This paper investigates one important dimension of this question by looking at disciplines covering intellectual property rights (IPRs) and surveying the implementation of agreements negotiated by the European Union and the United States with developing countries. The EU and United States are the two chief proponents of stronger standards and enforcement of IPRs. This work is among the first to look at implementation issues related to IPRs in the PTA context. Intellectual property rules in PTAs create actual and substantial implementation obligations for developing country partners. Implementation of PTA obligations often requires changes in legislation, adaptation on the part of domestic institutions, and modification of national procedures to implement new policies. Importantly, implementation does not stop with the transposition of international trade obligations into the domestic legal system. Rather, it continues with the need to modify enforcement, and frequently involves a de jure or de facto right of oversight from the trade partner. This suggests therefore that PTAs become “live” agreements that must be actively managed over time. The study also shows that implementation efforts – arguably to be expected when signing a trade agreement – also create specific (and perhaps unexpected) challenges for developing countries. These include the need to revisit international agreements with third parties, disagreements over the interpretation of commitments, precise reporting requirements, possible incompatibilities with the domestic legal infrastructure and capacity limitations. En ligne : http://ictsd.org/downloads/2011/11/the-influence-of-preferential-trade-agreement [...] The influence of Preferential Trade Agreements on the implementation of intellectual property rights in developing countries : A first look [document électronique] / Ermias Tekeste Biadgleng, Auteur ; Jean-Christophe Maur, Auteur . - Genève (7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219, Suisse) : ICTSD : Genève (7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219, Suisse) : ICTSD, 2011 . - 52 p.. - (Issue Paper; 33) . Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Accords commerciaux Tags : Libéralisation du commerce  Accords commerciaux  Propriété intellectuelle  Commerce mondial  Pays en développement  OMPI Résumé : Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are gaining prominence among trade liberalization efforts. Yet little remains known about the extent to which the intellectual property (IP) provisions of PTAs translate into actual changes in domestic institutions and laws. This paper investigates one important dimension of this question by looking at disciplines covering intellectual property rights (IPRs) and surveying the implementation of agreements negotiated by the European Union and the United States with developing countries. The EU and United States are the two chief proponents of stronger standards and enforcement of IPRs. This work is among the first to look at implementation issues related to IPRs in the PTA context. Intellectual property rules in PTAs create actual and substantial implementation obligations for developing country partners. Implementation of PTA obligations often requires changes in legislation, adaptation on the part of domestic institutions, and modification of national procedures to implement new policies. Importantly, implementation does not stop with the transposition of international trade obligations into the domestic legal system. Rather, it continues with the need to modify enforcement, and frequently involves a de jure or de facto right of oversight from the trade partner. This suggests therefore that PTAs become “live” agreements that must be actively managed over time. The study also shows that implementation efforts – arguably to be expected when signing a trade agreement – also create specific (and perhaps unexpected) challenges for developing countries. These include the need to revisit international agreements with third parties, disagreements over the interpretation of commitments, precise reporting requirements, possible incompatibilities with the domestic legal infrastructure and capacity limitations. En ligne : http://ictsd.org/downloads/2011/11/the-influence-of-preferential-trade-agreement [...]

Documents numériques

iteipc2011d01_en.pdf Adobe Acrobat PDF

Trade and Labor Market / Matthieu Crozet    

Public ISBD Titre : Trade and Labor Market : What Do We Know? Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Matthieu Crozet, Auteur ; Gianluca Orefice, Auteur Editeur : Paris [France] : CEPII Année de publication : 2017 Collection : Policy Brief num. 15 Importance : 16 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Libéralisation du commerce  Emploi  Salaires Résumé : There is a large consensus in the economic literature suggesting the positive impact of globalization on the aggregate well-being of a country. However, a clear-cut conclusion has not been reached on winners and losers from globalization. For this reason, international trade is often accused of increasing wage inequality in both developing and developed countries. A first stream of literature focused on workers characteristics to identify winners and losers from globalization. Workers with characteristics (e.g., education levels) intensively used in import-competing sectors are likely to suffer from international trade; while workers having characteristics intensively needed in exporting sectors will gain. This is a clear-cut explanation but it does not fit the data as the reality is much more complex. Labor market shocks caused by trade openness are diffuse, and it is difficult to group those who suffer/gain into well-identified categories. The firm and the type of task in which workers are employed definitely contribute to identify winners and losers from globalization. Recent CEPII research outputs, based on detailed French firm and worker-level data, confirm that identifying who lost and who gained with globalization is a very difficult task. En ligne : http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/publications/pb/abstract.asp?NoDoc=10063 Trade and Labor Market : What Do We Know? [document électronique] / Matthieu Crozet, Auteur ; Gianluca Orefice, Auteur . - Paris (113, rue de Grenelle, 75007, France) : CEPII, 2017 . - 16 p. - (Policy Brief; 15) . Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Libéralisation du commerce  Emploi  Salaires Résumé : There is a large consensus in the economic literature suggesting the positive impact of globalization on the aggregate well-being of a country. However, a clear-cut conclusion has not been reached on winners and losers from globalization. For this reason, international trade is often accused of increasing wage inequality in both developing and developed countries. A first stream of literature focused on workers characteristics to identify winners and losers from globalization. Workers with characteristics (e.g., education levels) intensively used in import-competing sectors are likely to suffer from international trade; while workers having characteristics intensively needed in exporting sectors will gain. This is a clear-cut explanation but it does not fit the data as the reality is much more complex. Labor market shocks caused by trade openness are diffuse, and it is difficult to group those who suffer/gain into well-identified categories. The firm and the type of task in which workers are employed definitely contribute to identify winners and losers from globalization. Recent CEPII research outputs, based on detailed French firm and worker-level data, confirm that identifying who lost and who gained with globalization is a very difficult task. En ligne : http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/publications/pb/abstract.asp?NoDoc=10063

Documents numériques

pb2017-15.pdf Adobe Acrobat PDF