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Titre : Intellectual Property commercialization : Policy options and practical instruments Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Auteur Editeur : United Nations Année de publication : 2011 Importance : 127 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : ISBN: 978-92-1-117053-5 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Commerce Tags : Propriété intellectuelle Commerce Transfert de technologie Secteur privé PME Résumé : Innovation is the key driver of economic growth and development in the medium to long term. It can be defined as the process of introducing new products, services and production processes into the market place and to create new profitable enterprises and higher-paying jobs on this basis. A well-balanced, affordable and reliable system of intellectual property rights has an important role to play in this process. Intellectual property rights serve to protect the - often large and highly risky - investments of innovative and creative companies against potential imitators
and thereby provide key incentives to undertake such investments in the first place.
The present publication is not intended to provide a cross-country analysis of intellectual property laws and their economic impact. Instead it focuses on practical problems of using intellectual property rights in the innovation process, i.e. on the commercialization of intellectual property, and on the question of what economic policy can do to support the various innovation stakeholders in this process. Specifically, it discusses the role of intellectual property in the transfer of technology from public research organizations to the business sector, the management of intellectual property in small and medium-sized enterprises, and the auditing, valuation of and accounting for intellectual property.
The publication has been prepared on the basis of policy documents and other materials submitted to the UNECE by members of its Team of Specialists on Intellectual Property, as well as other publicly available documents and materials. It also draws on the outcomes of international conferences held by the Team in Geneva in 2007, 2008 and 2010.En ligne : http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ceci/publications/ip.pdf Intellectual Property commercialization : Policy options and practical instruments [document électronique] / United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Auteur . - [S.l.] : United Nations, 2011 . - 127 p.
ISSN : ISBN: 978-92-1-117053-5
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Commerce Tags : Propriété intellectuelle Commerce Transfert de technologie Secteur privé PME Résumé : Innovation is the key driver of economic growth and development in the medium to long term. It can be defined as the process of introducing new products, services and production processes into the market place and to create new profitable enterprises and higher-paying jobs on this basis. A well-balanced, affordable and reliable system of intellectual property rights has an important role to play in this process. Intellectual property rights serve to protect the - often large and highly risky - investments of innovative and creative companies against potential imitators
and thereby provide key incentives to undertake such investments in the first place.
The present publication is not intended to provide a cross-country analysis of intellectual property laws and their economic impact. Instead it focuses on practical problems of using intellectual property rights in the innovation process, i.e. on the commercialization of intellectual property, and on the question of what economic policy can do to support the various innovation stakeholders in this process. Specifically, it discusses the role of intellectual property in the transfer of technology from public research organizations to the business sector, the management of intellectual property in small and medium-sized enterprises, and the auditing, valuation of and accounting for intellectual property.
The publication has been prepared on the basis of policy documents and other materials submitted to the UNECE by members of its Team of Specialists on Intellectual Property, as well as other publicly available documents and materials. It also draws on the outcomes of international conferences held by the Team in Geneva in 2007, 2008 and 2010.En ligne : http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ceci/publications/ip.pdf Documents numériques
ip.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF Intergovernmental negociations and decision making at the United Nations / UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service (NGLS)
Titre : Intergovernmental negociations and decision making at the United Nations : a guide Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service (NGLS), Auteur ; Gretchen Sidhu, Auteur Editeur : United Nations Année de publication : 2003 Importance : 106 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Nations Unies Tags : Nations Unies Index. décimale : 08.01 Droits humains Résumé : The second edition of NGLS’s popular Intergovernmental Negotiations and Decision Making at the United Nations: A Guide explains the governance and decision-making fora and processes of the UN system. The first part explains the principal UN organs of intergovernmental decision making; the negotiating blocs of Member States at the UN; the various types of documentation; and the nature of UN decisions and the weight they carry internationally. This updated second edition includes information on new UN bodies and processes following on from the outcomes of the 2005 World Summit. The second part provides practical knowledge, advice and guidance to non-governmental representatives who wish to engage with the UN system, ranging from accreditation to the preparatory process, to engaging in follow-up activities after a meeting. En ligne : https://www.un-ngls.org/index.php/publications/guides-on-the-un-system/27-interg [...] Intergovernmental negociations and decision making at the United Nations : a guide [texte imprimé] / UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service (NGLS), Auteur ; Gretchen Sidhu, Auteur . - [S.l.] : United Nations, 2003 . - 106 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Nations Unies Tags : Nations Unies Index. décimale : 08.01 Droits humains Résumé : The second edition of NGLS’s popular Intergovernmental Negotiations and Decision Making at the United Nations: A Guide explains the governance and decision-making fora and processes of the UN system. The first part explains the principal UN organs of intergovernmental decision making; the negotiating blocs of Member States at the UN; the various types of documentation; and the nature of UN decisions and the weight they carry internationally. This updated second edition includes information on new UN bodies and processes following on from the outcomes of the 2005 World Summit. The second part provides practical knowledge, advice and guidance to non-governmental representatives who wish to engage with the UN system, ranging from accreditation to the preparatory process, to engaging in follow-up activities after a meeting. En ligne : https://www.un-ngls.org/index.php/publications/guides-on-the-un-system/27-interg [...]
Titre : Investment-Related Trade Measures : Unctad Series on issues in international investment agreements Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : UNCTAD, Auteur Editeur : United Nations Année de publication : 1998 Collection : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Importance : 54 p. Note générale : 03.02 UNC Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Commerce Tags : Commerce international Développement économique Economie mondiale Coopération internationale Index. décimale : 03.02 Accords Commerciaux Résumé : Investment-related trade measures (IRTMs) are a diverse array of trade policy instruments that influence the volume, sectoral composition and geographic distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI). Some trade measures classified as IRTMs (such as tariffs, quotas, and export financing programmes) are not principally designed to influence FDI flows but nevertheless can have major consequences on the decisions of international investors. Other devices (such
as export processing zones, and co-production or buy-back trade arrangements) are designed with FDI effects more clearly in mind. In either case, whether the FDI consequence is intended or not, the resultant impact on production location decisions and intracompany trade flows exerts an influence on world commerce. IRTMs help, therefore, to shape how international business activities affect both global welfare and the relative distribution of benefits among national economies through their impact on FDI flows. IRTMs are thus relevant to international investment agreements, including discussions about a possible multilateral framework on investment.
En ligne : http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdr2011_en.pdf Investment-Related Trade Measures : Unctad Series on issues in international investment agreements [texte imprimé] / UNCTAD, Auteur . - [S.l.] : United Nations, 1998 . - 54 p.. - (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) .
03.02 UNC
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Commerce Tags : Commerce international Développement économique Economie mondiale Coopération internationale Index. décimale : 03.02 Accords Commerciaux Résumé : Investment-related trade measures (IRTMs) are a diverse array of trade policy instruments that influence the volume, sectoral composition and geographic distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI). Some trade measures classified as IRTMs (such as tariffs, quotas, and export financing programmes) are not principally designed to influence FDI flows but nevertheless can have major consequences on the decisions of international investors. Other devices (such
as export processing zones, and co-production or buy-back trade arrangements) are designed with FDI effects more clearly in mind. In either case, whether the FDI consequence is intended or not, the resultant impact on production location decisions and intracompany trade flows exerts an influence on world commerce. IRTMs help, therefore, to shape how international business activities affect both global welfare and the relative distribution of benefits among national economies through their impact on FDI flows. IRTMs are thus relevant to international investment agreements, including discussions about a possible multilateral framework on investment.
En ligne : http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdr2011_en.pdf Documents numériques
psiteiitd10v4.en.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : Lessons from the Mai : Unctad Series on issues in international investment agreements Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : UNCTAD, Auteur Editeur : United Nations Année de publication : 1999 Collection : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Importance : 44 p. Note générale : 03.02 UNC Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Commerce
Accords commerciauxTags : Commerce international Développement économique Economie mondiale Coopération internationale Index. décimale : 03.02 Accords Commerciaux Résumé : This paper considers the factors that contributed to the decision of the members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to discontinue the negotiations on the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), and draws lessons that could be of use for future negotiations of international
investment agreements (IIAs). The MAI negotiations, especially in the latter stages, attracted considerable attention in the public and private sectors, as well as civil society. These discussions are likely to have an effect on future negotiations of IIAs and, therefore, the paper aims to enhance the understanding of the issues involved in, and the lessons from, the MAI negotiations. The MAI negotiations set out to provide high standards for the liberalization of investment regimes and investment protection between the OECD member countries and, eventually, other interested non-member States. While the detailed and extensive exchange of views that took place in the negotiations pointed to a convergence of views on a number of substantive areas, various outstanding issues remained at the time the negotiations were suspended.
En ligne : http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdr2011_en.pdf Lessons from the Mai : Unctad Series on issues in international investment agreements [texte imprimé] / UNCTAD, Auteur . - [S.l.] : United Nations, 1999 . - 44 p.. - (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) .
03.02 UNC
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Commerce
Accords commerciauxTags : Commerce international Développement économique Economie mondiale Coopération internationale Index. décimale : 03.02 Accords Commerciaux Résumé : This paper considers the factors that contributed to the decision of the members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to discontinue the negotiations on the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), and draws lessons that could be of use for future negotiations of international
investment agreements (IIAs). The MAI negotiations, especially in the latter stages, attracted considerable attention in the public and private sectors, as well as civil society. These discussions are likely to have an effect on future negotiations of IIAs and, therefore, the paper aims to enhance the understanding of the issues involved in, and the lessons from, the MAI negotiations. The MAI negotiations set out to provide high standards for the liberalization of investment regimes and investment protection between the OECD member countries and, eventually, other interested non-member States. While the detailed and extensive exchange of views that took place in the negotiations pointed to a convergence of views on a number of substantive areas, various outstanding issues remained at the time the negotiations were suspended.
En ligne : http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdr2011_en.pdf
Titre : Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment : Unctad Series on issues in international investment agreements Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : UNCTAD, Auteur Editeur : United Nations Année de publication : 1999 Collection : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Importance : 56 p. Note générale : 03.02 UNC Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Accords commerciaux
Coopération au développementTags : Commerce international Développement économique Economie mondiale Coopération internationale Index. décimale : 03.02 Accords Commerciaux Résumé : The most-favoured-nation treatment (MFN) standard is a core element of international investment agreements. It means that a host country treats investors from one foreign country no less favourably than investors from any other foreign country. The MFN standard gives investors a guarantee against certain forms of discrimination by host countries, and it is crucial for the establishment of equality of competitive opportunities between
investors from different foreign countries. The MFN standard may also have implications for host countries´ room for manoeuvre in respect of future investment
agreements, because it can create a so-called “free rider” situation in that the MFN standard commits a host country to extend unilaterally to its treaty partners any additional rights that it grants to third countries in future agreements. Furthermore, as the globalization of investment activities makes corporate nationality more difficult to use as a ground for distinguishing between companies, it may become equally more difficult to identify the nation that actually benefits from MFN.
En ligne : http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdr2011_en.pdf Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment : Unctad Series on issues in international investment agreements [texte imprimé] / UNCTAD, Auteur . - [S.l.] : United Nations, 1999 . - 56 p.. - (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) .
03.02 UNC
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Accords commerciaux
Coopération au développementTags : Commerce international Développement économique Economie mondiale Coopération internationale Index. décimale : 03.02 Accords Commerciaux Résumé : The most-favoured-nation treatment (MFN) standard is a core element of international investment agreements. It means that a host country treats investors from one foreign country no less favourably than investors from any other foreign country. The MFN standard gives investors a guarantee against certain forms of discrimination by host countries, and it is crucial for the establishment of equality of competitive opportunities between
investors from different foreign countries. The MFN standard may also have implications for host countries´ room for manoeuvre in respect of future investment
agreements, because it can create a so-called “free rider” situation in that the MFN standard commits a host country to extend unilaterally to its treaty partners any additional rights that it grants to third countries in future agreements. Furthermore, as the globalization of investment activities makes corporate nationality more difficult to use as a ground for distinguishing between companies, it may become equally more difficult to identify the nation that actually benefits from MFN.
En ligne : http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdr2011_en.pdf Documents numériques
psiteiitd10v3.en.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF PermalinkLes problèmes du secteur primaire africain / UNCTAD
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PermalinkRapport sur le commerce et le développement 1998 / CNUCED
PermalinkRapport sur le commerce et le développement 1999 / CNUCED
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