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Titre : Farming money : How European banks and private finance profit from food speculation and land grabs Type de document : document électronique Editeur : Bruxelles : Friends of the Earth Europe Année de publication : January 2012 Importance : 44 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Spéculation
EuropeTags : Prix agricoles Banques Union européenne Accaparement des terres Spéculation alimentaires Résumé : With global financial markets in turmoil, agricultural commodity ‘futures’ have become increasingly attractive to financial investors and speculators. Billions of euros and dollars are flooding in and out of commodity markets, causing sudden price spikes in world food commodity markets, leading to higher prices for consumers. While high food prices hit the most vulnerable the hardest, threatening their right to food, the rapid price swings also affect poor farmers, threatening farm viability and making it more difficult for farmers to maintain a predictable income. The huge growth in financial speculation has led to prices no longer being solely driven by supply and demand, but also increasingly by the actions of financial speculators and the performance of their investments. Excessive speculation has forced food prices to rise in recent years and has increased the frequency and scale of price volatility. Rising food prices and high volatility have in turn contributed to rising living costs for Northern consumers, and led to more hunger and poverty across the world. Poor households, forced to spend more money on food, are less able to afford other essentials such as healthcare and education. In 2008, the world saw a major food crisis as prices skyrocketed for crops such as rice, wheat and corn. Food riots erupted in 25 countries and more than 100 million more people were officially classed as undernourished or starving. After a price correction in 2009, food prices again reached record heights in June 20111. En ligne : http://www.foeeurope.org/publications/2012/Farming_money_FoEE_Jan2012.pdf Farming money : How European banks and private finance profit from food speculation and land grabs [document électronique] . - Bruxelles (Mundo-B Building/Rue d'Edimbourg 26, 1050) : Friends of the Earth Europe, January 2012 . - 44 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Spéculation
EuropeTags : Prix agricoles Banques Union européenne Accaparement des terres Spéculation alimentaires Résumé : With global financial markets in turmoil, agricultural commodity ‘futures’ have become increasingly attractive to financial investors and speculators. Billions of euros and dollars are flooding in and out of commodity markets, causing sudden price spikes in world food commodity markets, leading to higher prices for consumers. While high food prices hit the most vulnerable the hardest, threatening their right to food, the rapid price swings also affect poor farmers, threatening farm viability and making it more difficult for farmers to maintain a predictable income. The huge growth in financial speculation has led to prices no longer being solely driven by supply and demand, but also increasingly by the actions of financial speculators and the performance of their investments. Excessive speculation has forced food prices to rise in recent years and has increased the frequency and scale of price volatility. Rising food prices and high volatility have in turn contributed to rising living costs for Northern consumers, and led to more hunger and poverty across the world. Poor households, forced to spend more money on food, are less able to afford other essentials such as healthcare and education. In 2008, the world saw a major food crisis as prices skyrocketed for crops such as rice, wheat and corn. Food riots erupted in 25 countries and more than 100 million more people were officially classed as undernourished or starving. After a price correction in 2009, food prices again reached record heights in June 20111. En ligne : http://www.foeeurope.org/publications/2012/Farming_money_FoEE_Jan2012.pdf Documents numériques
farming_money_foee_jan2012.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : The Swiss Connection : The Role of Switzerland in Shell's Corporate Structure and Tax Planning Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Mark van Dorp, Auteur ; Kristof Racz, Auteur Editeur : SOMO Année de publication : May 2014 Autre Editeur : Bruxelles : Friends of the Earth Europe Importance : 23 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Fiscalité
Entreprises multinationalesTags : Shell Fiscalité Suisse Fuite des capitaux Résumé : The aim of this report is to highlight how Royal Dutch Shell uses its presence in Switzerland, a notorious tax haven and secrecy jurisdiction, to minimize its tax payments in other countries, including developing countries. At least since 2001, Shell may have been using Switzerland for tax purposes. In 2005 for example, the company shifted ownership of its brands and trade marks to a Swiss-based subsidiary, Shell Brands International AG. Research conducted for this report indicates that Shell has eight subsidiaries in Switzerland, most of which are not involved in productive activities. The main purpose of these entities is trademark management, ?nancial services, internal insurance, and trading activities for Shells worldwide oil and gas operations. Shells presence in Switzerland potentially allows the company to avoid paying a signi?cant amount of taxes in developing countries because Shell is able to exploit the speci?c advantages of the Swiss ?scal system to lower its pro?ts in developing countries, leading to lower tax payments there. The report concludes by making recommendations to Shell, including that the company should implement full country-by-country reporting, to live up to their claims of leadership in tax transparency. Policy recommendations are also made to the Swiss Government and to the European Union to end the facilitation of aggressive tax avoidance by multinational corporations. En ligne : http://www.somo.nl/publications-en/Publication_4079?utm_source=SOMO+Newsletter&u [...] The Swiss Connection : The Role of Switzerland in Shell's Corporate Structure and Tax Planning [document électronique] / Mark van Dorp, Auteur ; Kristof Racz, Auteur . - [S.l.] : SOMO : Bruxelles (Mundo-B Building/Rue d'Edimbourg 26, 1050) : Friends of the Earth Europe, May 2014 . - 23 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Fiscalité
Entreprises multinationalesTags : Shell Fiscalité Suisse Fuite des capitaux Résumé : The aim of this report is to highlight how Royal Dutch Shell uses its presence in Switzerland, a notorious tax haven and secrecy jurisdiction, to minimize its tax payments in other countries, including developing countries. At least since 2001, Shell may have been using Switzerland for tax purposes. In 2005 for example, the company shifted ownership of its brands and trade marks to a Swiss-based subsidiary, Shell Brands International AG. Research conducted for this report indicates that Shell has eight subsidiaries in Switzerland, most of which are not involved in productive activities. The main purpose of these entities is trademark management, ?nancial services, internal insurance, and trading activities for Shells worldwide oil and gas operations. Shells presence in Switzerland potentially allows the company to avoid paying a signi?cant amount of taxes in developing countries because Shell is able to exploit the speci?c advantages of the Swiss ?scal system to lower its pro?ts in developing countries, leading to lower tax payments there. The report concludes by making recommendations to Shell, including that the company should implement full country-by-country reporting, to live up to their claims of leadership in tax transparency. Policy recommendations are also made to the Swiss Government and to the European Union to end the facilitation of aggressive tax avoidance by multinational corporations. En ligne : http://www.somo.nl/publications-en/Publication_4079?utm_source=SOMO+Newsletter&u [...] Documents numériques
The-Swiss-Connection.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
