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Titre : Commodities at a Glance : Special Issue on Shale Gas Type de document : document électronique Editeur : Genève 10 [Suisse] : UNCTAD Année de publication : 2017 Importance : 61 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Matières premières Energie Prix Etats-Unies Gaz de schiste Résumé : The future of energy is among the top issues on the international agenda for sustainable development and is expected to remain as such in the years to come.
This is especially true in the light of the recently adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular Sustainable Development Goal 7, which aims to ensure affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030.
Moreover, the recent Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has galvanized international mobilization towards tackling the effects of climate change at a time when Governments have reaffirmed their intention to ensure energy access for all by 2030.
The combination of these international instruments raises the need to decide which strategy should be adopted with regard to the issue of unconventional energy sources.
Individual States and local and regional institutions display different and sometimes contradictory views with regard to the issue of unconventional energy sources and of shale gas and shale oil in particular.
Shale gas is the focus of the current edition of the Commodities at a Glance series. Conflicting views have emerged concerning, for example, its potential contributions to the economy, its impact on job creation and its negative effects on the environment.
The main challenge of this report has been to offer a dispassionate perspective on these aspects in order to make informed decisions about issues related to shale gas activities.
In this regard, important developments have occurred in the United States of America since the mid-2000s. This period has been mainly referred to as the “shale gas boom or revolution” and the growth of natural gas production in the United States through shale gas extraction has led to a sharp drop in domestic natural gas prices.
At the same time, in Europe, some countries have decided to ban the production of shale oil and shale gas in their territories or to prohibit the use of its main production technique, namely hydraulic fracturing.
In view of these developments, it is relevant to analyse to what extent shale gas can contribute to the future of the energy landscape and highlight the challenges this may involve.
The aim of this report is to set out the facts, analyse them and draw conclusions independently of the passion that is generally associated with discussions on this issue.
This is important in order to inform decisions on whether or not the exploration and development of shale gas deposits should be undertaken, and what the framework for such activities should be, irrespective of the fact that shale gas is already extracted in some countries and planned in others.En ligne : http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/suc2017d10_en.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : http://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=2116 Commodities at a Glance : Special Issue on Shale Gas [document électronique] . - Genève 10 (Palais des Nations 8-14, Av. de la Paix, 1211, Suisse) : UNCTAD, 2017 . - 61 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Matières premières Energie Prix Etats-Unies Gaz de schiste Résumé : The future of energy is among the top issues on the international agenda for sustainable development and is expected to remain as such in the years to come.
This is especially true in the light of the recently adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular Sustainable Development Goal 7, which aims to ensure affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030.
Moreover, the recent Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has galvanized international mobilization towards tackling the effects of climate change at a time when Governments have reaffirmed their intention to ensure energy access for all by 2030.
The combination of these international instruments raises the need to decide which strategy should be adopted with regard to the issue of unconventional energy sources.
Individual States and local and regional institutions display different and sometimes contradictory views with regard to the issue of unconventional energy sources and of shale gas and shale oil in particular.
Shale gas is the focus of the current edition of the Commodities at a Glance series. Conflicting views have emerged concerning, for example, its potential contributions to the economy, its impact on job creation and its negative effects on the environment.
The main challenge of this report has been to offer a dispassionate perspective on these aspects in order to make informed decisions about issues related to shale gas activities.
In this regard, important developments have occurred in the United States of America since the mid-2000s. This period has been mainly referred to as the “shale gas boom or revolution” and the growth of natural gas production in the United States through shale gas extraction has led to a sharp drop in domestic natural gas prices.
At the same time, in Europe, some countries have decided to ban the production of shale oil and shale gas in their territories or to prohibit the use of its main production technique, namely hydraulic fracturing.
In view of these developments, it is relevant to analyse to what extent shale gas can contribute to the future of the energy landscape and highlight the challenges this may involve.
The aim of this report is to set out the facts, analyse them and draw conclusions independently of the passion that is generally associated with discussions on this issue.
This is important in order to inform decisions on whether or not the exploration and development of shale gas deposits should be undertaken, and what the framework for such activities should be, irrespective of the fact that shale gas is already extracted in some countries and planned in others.En ligne : http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/suc2017d10_en.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : http://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=2116 Documents numériques
suc2017d10_en.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : Digital Economy Report 2019 : Value Creation and Capture: Implications for Developing Countries Type de document : document électronique Editeur : Genève 10 [Suisse] : UNCTAD Année de publication : 2019 Importance : 194 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Economie digitale Economie numérique Index. décimale : 04.06 - NTIC Résumé : The rapid spread of digital technologies is transforming many economic and social activities. While creating many new opportunities, widening digital divides threaten to leave developing countries, and especially least developed countries, further behind. A smart embrace of new technologies, enhanced partnerships and greater intellectual leadership are needed to redefine digital development strategies and the future contours of globalization.
This first edition of the Digital Economy Report – previously known as the Information Economy Report ? examines the scope for value creation and capture in the digital economy by developing countries. It gives special attention to opportunities for these countries to take advantage of the data-driven economy as producers and innovators – but also to the constraints they face – notably with regard to digital data and digital platforms.
Digital advances have already led to the creation of enormous wealth in record time, but this is highly concentrated in a small number of countries, companies and individuals. Meanwhile, digitalization has also given rise to fundamental challenges for policymakers in countries at all levels of development. The Report presents recent trends and discusses key policies for value creation and capture in the digital economy, notably with regards to entrepreneurship, data, trade, competition, taxation, intellectual property and employment.
These are early days in the digital era and there are still more questions than answers about how to deal with the digital challenge. Given the absence of relevant statistics and empirical evidence, as well as the rapid pace of technological change, decision-makers face a moving target when trying to adopt sound policies relating to the digital economy. The Report provides valuable insights and analyses to support policymakers at the national and international levels to ensure that no one is left behind by the fast-evolving digital economy.En ligne : https://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=2466 Format de la ressource électronique : https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/der2019_en.pdf Digital Economy Report 2019 : Value Creation and Capture: Implications for Developing Countries [document électronique] . - Genève 10 (Palais des Nations 8-14, Av. de la Paix, 1211, Suisse) : UNCTAD, 2019 . - 194 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Economie digitale Economie numérique Index. décimale : 04.06 - NTIC Résumé : The rapid spread of digital technologies is transforming many economic and social activities. While creating many new opportunities, widening digital divides threaten to leave developing countries, and especially least developed countries, further behind. A smart embrace of new technologies, enhanced partnerships and greater intellectual leadership are needed to redefine digital development strategies and the future contours of globalization.
This first edition of the Digital Economy Report – previously known as the Information Economy Report ? examines the scope for value creation and capture in the digital economy by developing countries. It gives special attention to opportunities for these countries to take advantage of the data-driven economy as producers and innovators – but also to the constraints they face – notably with regard to digital data and digital platforms.
Digital advances have already led to the creation of enormous wealth in record time, but this is highly concentrated in a small number of countries, companies and individuals. Meanwhile, digitalization has also given rise to fundamental challenges for policymakers in countries at all levels of development. The Report presents recent trends and discusses key policies for value creation and capture in the digital economy, notably with regards to entrepreneurship, data, trade, competition, taxation, intellectual property and employment.
These are early days in the digital era and there are still more questions than answers about how to deal with the digital challenge. Given the absence of relevant statistics and empirical evidence, as well as the rapid pace of technological change, decision-makers face a moving target when trying to adopt sound policies relating to the digital economy. The Report provides valuable insights and analyses to support policymakers at the national and international levels to ensure that no one is left behind by the fast-evolving digital economy.En ligne : https://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=2466 Format de la ressource électronique : https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/der2019_en.pdf Documents numériques
Digital Economy Report 2019Adobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : Ecolabelling and International Trade Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venna Jha, Auteur ; René Vossenaar, Auteur ; Simmonetta Zarrilli, Auteur Editeur : Genève 10 [Suisse] : UNCTAD Année de publication : 1993 Collection : Discussion paper num. 70 Importance : 45 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Environnement Tags : Politique économique Écologie Commerce international Développement économique Index. décimale : 06.02 Développement durable Résumé : "Environmental labelling" (henceforth called ecolabelling" means the use of labels in order to inform consumers that a labellied product is environmentally more friendly relative to other products in the same category. These labels, granted by a government or privately sponsored agency to (voluntary) applicants from entreprises, are conveiced as a market-oriented instrument for environmental policy as they esteblish no gereally inding requirement or bans. Ecolabelling and International Trade [texte imprimé] / Venna Jha, Auteur ; René Vossenaar, Auteur ; Simmonetta Zarrilli, Auteur . - Genève 10 (Palais des Nations 8-14, Av. de la Paix, 1211, Suisse) : UNCTAD, 1993 . - 45 p. - (Discussion paper; 70) .
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Environnement Tags : Politique économique Écologie Commerce international Développement économique Index. décimale : 06.02 Développement durable Résumé : "Environmental labelling" (henceforth called ecolabelling" means the use of labels in order to inform consumers that a labellied product is environmentally more friendly relative to other products in the same category. These labels, granted by a government or privately sponsored agency to (voluntary) applicants from entreprises, are conveiced as a market-oriented instrument for environmental policy as they esteblish no gereally inding requirement or bans.
Titre : Economic Development in Africa Report 2018 : Migration for Structural Transformation Type de document : document électronique Editeur : Genève 10 [Suisse] : UNCTAD Année de publication : 2018 Importance : 204 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Afrique Développement économique Migrations Résumé : Images of thousands of African youth drowning in the Mediterranean, propelled by poverty or conflict at home and lured by the hope of jobs abroad, have fed a misleading narrative that migration from Africa harms rather than helps the continent. The latest edition of the UNCTAD flagship Economic Development in Africa Report takes aim at this preconceived notion and assesses the evidence to identify policy pathways that harness the benefits of African migration and mitigate its negative effects.
This year, 2018, offers the international community a historic opportunity to realize the first global compact for migration, an intergovernmentally negotiated agreement in preparation under the auspices of the United Nations. Our contribution to this historic process is the Economic
The report adopts an innovative, human-centred narrative that explores how migrants contribute to structural transformation and identifies opportunities for absorption of extra labour in different sectors across the continent. African migrants include from highly skilled to low-skilled persons, who migrate through legal channels and otherwise.
These migrants not only fill skills gaps in destination countries, but also contribute to development in their origin countries. Children remaining in the origin country of a migrant parent are also often more educated than their peers, thanks to their parent’s migration. The connections that migrants create between their origin and their destination countries have led to thriving diaspora communities. They have also opened up new trade and investment opportunities that can help both destination countries and origin countries to diversify their economies and move into productive activities of greater added value.
Contrary to some perceptions, most migration in Africa today is taking place within the continent. This report argues that this intra-African migration is an essential ingredient for deeper regional and continental integration. At the same time, the broad patterns of extra-continental migration out of Africa confirm the positive contribution of migrants to the structural transformation of origin countries.En ligne : http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/aldcafrica2018_en.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : http://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=2118 Economic Development in Africa Report 2018 : Migration for Structural Transformation [document électronique] . - Genève 10 (Palais des Nations 8-14, Av. de la Paix, 1211, Suisse) : UNCTAD, 2018 . - 204 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Afrique Développement économique Migrations Résumé : Images of thousands of African youth drowning in the Mediterranean, propelled by poverty or conflict at home and lured by the hope of jobs abroad, have fed a misleading narrative that migration from Africa harms rather than helps the continent. The latest edition of the UNCTAD flagship Economic Development in Africa Report takes aim at this preconceived notion and assesses the evidence to identify policy pathways that harness the benefits of African migration and mitigate its negative effects.
This year, 2018, offers the international community a historic opportunity to realize the first global compact for migration, an intergovernmentally negotiated agreement in preparation under the auspices of the United Nations. Our contribution to this historic process is the Economic
The report adopts an innovative, human-centred narrative that explores how migrants contribute to structural transformation and identifies opportunities for absorption of extra labour in different sectors across the continent. African migrants include from highly skilled to low-skilled persons, who migrate through legal channels and otherwise.
These migrants not only fill skills gaps in destination countries, but also contribute to development in their origin countries. Children remaining in the origin country of a migrant parent are also often more educated than their peers, thanks to their parent’s migration. The connections that migrants create between their origin and their destination countries have led to thriving diaspora communities. They have also opened up new trade and investment opportunities that can help both destination countries and origin countries to diversify their economies and move into productive activities of greater added value.
Contrary to some perceptions, most migration in Africa today is taking place within the continent. This report argues that this intra-African migration is an essential ingredient for deeper regional and continental integration. At the same time, the broad patterns of extra-continental migration out of Africa confirm the positive contribution of migrants to the structural transformation of origin countries.En ligne : http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/aldcafrica2018_en.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : http://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=2118 Documents numériques
aldcafrica2018_en.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : Financial development, human capital and political stability Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : J. François Outreville, Auteur Editeur : Genève 10 [Suisse] : UNCTAD Année de publication : October 1999 Collection : Discussion paper num. 142 Importance : 18 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Finances internationales Tags : Finance internationale Marché financier Capital humain Résumé : In this paper we take a look at the empirical relationship between the level of financial development and socio-economic variables reflecting different levels of development in the light of the recent literature on the role of human capital in economic development. The empirical results, based on a cross-sectional analysis of 57 developing countries, indicate that human capital and socio-political stability are important factors explaining the level of financial development of these markets. En ligne : https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7043257.pdf Financial development, human capital and political stability [document électronique] / J. François Outreville, Auteur . - Genève 10 (Palais des Nations 8-14, Av. de la Paix, 1211, Suisse) : UNCTAD, October 1999 . - 18 p. - (Discussion paper; 142) .
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Finances internationales Tags : Finance internationale Marché financier Capital humain Résumé : In this paper we take a look at the empirical relationship between the level of financial development and socio-economic variables reflecting different levels of development in the light of the recent literature on the role of human capital in economic development. The empirical results, based on a cross-sectional analysis of 57 developing countries, indicate that human capital and socio-political stability are important factors explaining the level of financial development of these markets. En ligne : https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7043257.pdf Documents numériques
7043257.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
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