Intellectual Property Rights, Product Complexity, and the Organization / Julia Spies    

Public ISBD Titre : Intellectual Property Rights, Product Complexity, and the Organization Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Julia Spies, Auteur ; Alireza Naghavi, Auteur ; Farid Toubal Editeur : Paris [France] : CEPII Année de publication : March 2014 Collection : Working Paper num. 7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Propriété intellectuelle  Commerce  Mondialisation  Pays émergents  Compétitivité  Croissance Résumé : This paper studies how the Intellectual Property Right (IPR) regime in destination countries influences the way multinationals structure the international organization of their production. In particular, we explore how multinationals divide tasks of different complexities across countries with different levels of IPR protection. The analysis studies the decision of firms between procurement from related parties and from independents suppliers at the product level. It also breaks down outsourcing into two types by distinguishing whether or not they involve technology sharing between the two parties. We combine data from a French firm-level survey on the mode choice for each transaction with a newly developed complexity measure at the product level. Our results confirm that firms are generally reluctant to source highly complex goods from outside firm boundaries. By studying the interaction between product complexity and the IPR protection, we obtain that (i) for technology-sharing-outsourcing IPRs promote outsourcing of more complex goods to a destination country by guaranteeing the protection of their technology, (ii) for non-technology-related-outsourcing IPRs attract the outsourcing of less complex products that are more prone to reverse engineering and simpler to decodify and imitate. En ligne : http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/publications/wp/abstract.asp?NoDoc=6621 Intellectual Property Rights, Product Complexity, and the Organization [document électronique] / Julia Spies, Auteur ; Alireza Naghavi, Auteur ; Farid Toubal . - Paris (113, rue de Grenelle, 75007, France) : CEPII, March 2014. - (Working Paper; 7) . Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Propriété intellectuelle  Commerce  Mondialisation  Pays émergents  Compétitivité  Croissance Résumé : This paper studies how the Intellectual Property Right (IPR) regime in destination countries influences the way multinationals structure the international organization of their production. In particular, we explore how multinationals divide tasks of different complexities across countries with different levels of IPR protection. The analysis studies the decision of firms between procurement from related parties and from independents suppliers at the product level. It also breaks down outsourcing into two types by distinguishing whether or not they involve technology sharing between the two parties. We combine data from a French firm-level survey on the mode choice for each transaction with a newly developed complexity measure at the product level. Our results confirm that firms are generally reluctant to source highly complex goods from outside firm boundaries. By studying the interaction between product complexity and the IPR protection, we obtain that (i) for technology-sharing-outsourcing IPRs promote outsourcing of more complex goods to a destination country by guaranteeing the protection of their technology, (ii) for non-technology-related-outsourcing IPRs attract the outsourcing of less complex products that are more prone to reverse engineering and simpler to decodify and imitate. En ligne : http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/publications/wp/abstract.asp?NoDoc=6621

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Minimum Wages and the Labor Market / Anthony Edo    

Public ISBD Titre : Minimum Wages and the Labor Market : Effects of Immigration Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Anthony Edo, Auteur ; Hillel Rapoport, Auteur Editeur : Paris [France] : CEPII Année de publication : juin 2017 Collection : Working Paper num. 12 Importance : 83 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Migrations Amérique du Nord Tags : Etats Unis  Revenu minimum  Marché du travail  Migrations Résumé : This paper exploits the non-linearity in the level of minimum wages across U.S. States created by the coexistence of federal and state regulations to investigate how the prevalence of minimum wages affects the labor market impact of immigration. We find that the effects of immigration on the wages and employment of native workers within a given state-skill cell are more negative in U.S. States with low minimum wages (i.e., where the federal minimum wage is binding). The results are robust to instrumenting immigration and state effective minimum wages, and to implementing a difference-in-differences approach comparing U.S. States where effective minimum wages are fully determined by the federal minimum wage over the whole period considered (2000-2013) to U.S. States where this is never the case. This paper thus underlines the important role played by minimum wages in mitigating any adverse labor market effects of low-skill immigration. En ligne : http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/publications/wp/abstract.asp?NoDoc=10323 Minimum Wages and the Labor Market : Effects of Immigration [document électronique] / Anthony Edo, Auteur ; Hillel Rapoport, Auteur . - Paris (113, rue de Grenelle, 75007, France) : CEPII, juin 2017 . - 83 p. - (Working Paper; 12) . Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Migrations Amérique du Nord Tags : Etats Unis  Revenu minimum  Marché du travail  Migrations Résumé : This paper exploits the non-linearity in the level of minimum wages across U.S. States created by the coexistence of federal and state regulations to investigate how the prevalence of minimum wages affects the labor market impact of immigration. We find that the effects of immigration on the wages and employment of native workers within a given state-skill cell are more negative in U.S. States with low minimum wages (i.e., where the federal minimum wage is binding). The results are robust to instrumenting immigration and state effective minimum wages, and to implementing a difference-in-differences approach comparing U.S. States where effective minimum wages are fully determined by the federal minimum wage over the whole period considered (2000-2013) to U.S. States where this is never the case. This paper thus underlines the important role played by minimum wages in mitigating any adverse labor market effects of low-skill immigration. En ligne : http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/fr/publications/wp/abstract.asp?NoDoc=10323

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