Détail d'une collection
|
|
Documents disponibles dans la collection
Affiner la recherche
Titre : Access to Medicines and Intellectual Property : The contribution of the World Health Organization Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : German Velasquez, Auteur Editeur : Genève : South Centre Année de publication : May 2013 Collection : Research Paper num. 47 Importance : 43 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Santé Tags : OMC Médicaments Propriété intellectuelle TRIPS Santé publique Résumé : The topic of intellectual property first appeared in the WHO in 1996 and coincided with the end of the Uruguay Round and the creation of the World Trade Organization. In 1995 the Charles III University of Madrid with the WHO Drugs Action Programme (DAP) organized a conference where Professor Carlos Correa presented a paper entitled “The Uruguay Round and Drugs”. The 40 page article analyzes the possible implications of the WTO Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on access to medicines and discloses the “room to manoeuvre” that the Agreement has to protect Public Health. This article, “The Uruguay Round and Drugs”, was the first document that specifically alerted the health sector of the possible implications of the TRIPS Agreement on public health and in particular, on access to medicines.
Even during negotiations of the Uruguay Round (1986-1994) some negotiators from developing countries foresaw that the TRIPS Agreement would have important implications in relation to pharmaceuticals and health. Shortly after its adoption, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published a study on the TRIPS Agreement and developing countries.En ligne : http://www.southcentre.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1953%3Aa [...] Access to Medicines and Intellectual Property : The contribution of the World Health Organization [document électronique] / German Velasquez, Auteur . - Genève : South Centre, May 2013 . - 43 p. - (Research Paper; 47) .
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Santé Tags : OMC Médicaments Propriété intellectuelle TRIPS Santé publique Résumé : The topic of intellectual property first appeared in the WHO in 1996 and coincided with the end of the Uruguay Round and the creation of the World Trade Organization. In 1995 the Charles III University of Madrid with the WHO Drugs Action Programme (DAP) organized a conference where Professor Carlos Correa presented a paper entitled “The Uruguay Round and Drugs”. The 40 page article analyzes the possible implications of the WTO Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on access to medicines and discloses the “room to manoeuvre” that the Agreement has to protect Public Health. This article, “The Uruguay Round and Drugs”, was the first document that specifically alerted the health sector of the possible implications of the TRIPS Agreement on public health and in particular, on access to medicines.
Even during negotiations of the Uruguay Round (1986-1994) some negotiators from developing countries foresaw that the TRIPS Agreement would have important implications in relation to pharmaceuticals and health. Shortly after its adoption, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published a study on the TRIPS Agreement and developing countries.En ligne : http://www.southcentre.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1953%3Aa [...] Documents numériques
RP47_WTO-role-in-IP-and-access-to-medicines_EN.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : Foreign Direct Investment, Investment Agreements and Economic Development : Myths and Realities Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Yilmaz Akyüz, Auteur Editeur : Genève : South Centre Année de publication : October 2015 Collection : Research Paper num. 63 Importance : 56 p Présentation : 02.02.AKY Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : IDE Balance paiements Traités bilatéraux Flux des capitaux Pays émergents Industrialisation Index. décimale : 02.02 - Monnaies Résumé : Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most ambiguous and the least understood concepts in international economics. Common debate on FDI is confounded by several myths regarding its nature and impact on capital accumulation, technological progress, industrialization and growth. It is often portrayed as a long term, stable, cross-border flow of capital that adds to productive capacity, helps meet balance-of-payments shortfalls, transfers technology and management skills, and links domestic firms with wider global markets. However, none of these are intrinsic qualities of FDI. First, FDI is more about transfer and exercise of control than movement of capital. It does not always involve flows of financial capital (movements of funds through foreign exchange markets) or real capital (imports of machinery and equipment for the installation of productive capacity). Second, only the so-called greenfield investment makes a direct contribution to productive capacity and involves cross-border movement of capital goods, but it is not easy to identify from reported statistics what proportion of FDI consists of such investment as opposed to transfer of ownership of existing assets. Third, what is commonly reported as FDI contains speculative and volatile components. Fourth, the longer-term impact of FDI on the balance of payments is often negative even in countries highly successful in attracting export-oriented FDI. Finally, positive technological spillovers from FDI are not automatic but call for targeted policies of the kind that most investment agreements prohibit. En ligne : http://www.southcentre.int/research-paper-63-october-2015/ Foreign Direct Investment, Investment Agreements and Economic Development : Myths and Realities [document électronique] / Yilmaz Akyüz, Auteur . - Genève : South Centre, October 2015 . - 56 p : 02.02.AKY. - (Research Paper; 63) .
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : IDE Balance paiements Traités bilatéraux Flux des capitaux Pays émergents Industrialisation Index. décimale : 02.02 - Monnaies Résumé : Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most ambiguous and the least understood concepts in international economics. Common debate on FDI is confounded by several myths regarding its nature and impact on capital accumulation, technological progress, industrialization and growth. It is often portrayed as a long term, stable, cross-border flow of capital that adds to productive capacity, helps meet balance-of-payments shortfalls, transfers technology and management skills, and links domestic firms with wider global markets. However, none of these are intrinsic qualities of FDI. First, FDI is more about transfer and exercise of control than movement of capital. It does not always involve flows of financial capital (movements of funds through foreign exchange markets) or real capital (imports of machinery and equipment for the installation of productive capacity). Second, only the so-called greenfield investment makes a direct contribution to productive capacity and involves cross-border movement of capital goods, but it is not easy to identify from reported statistics what proportion of FDI consists of such investment as opposed to transfer of ownership of existing assets. Third, what is commonly reported as FDI contains speculative and volatile components. Fourth, the longer-term impact of FDI on the balance of payments is often negative even in countries highly successful in attracting export-oriented FDI. Finally, positive technological spillovers from FDI are not automatic but call for targeted policies of the kind that most investment agreements prohibit. En ligne : http://www.southcentre.int/research-paper-63-october-2015/ Internationalization of Finance and Changing Vulnerabilities in Emerging and Developing Economies
Titre : Internationalization of Finance and Changing Vulnerabilities in Emerging and Developing Economies Type de document : document électronique Editeur : Genève : South Centre Année de publication : January 2015 Collection : Research Paper num. 60 Importance : 112 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Finance internationale Résumé : After a series of crises with severe economic and social consequences in the 1990s and early 2000s, emerging and developing economies (EDEs) have become even more closely integrated into what is widely recognized as an inherently unstable international financial system. Both policies in these countries and a highly accommodating global financial environment have played a role. Not only have their traditional cross-border linkages been deepened and external balance sheets expanded rapidly, but also foreign presence in their domestic credit, bond, equity and property markets has reached unprecedented levels. New channels have thus emerged for the transmission of financial shocks from global boom-bust cycles. Almost all EDEs are now vulnerable irrespective of their balance-of-payments, external debt, net foreign assets and international reserve positions although these play an important role in the way such shocks could impinge on them. Stability of domestic banking and asset markets is susceptible even in countries with strong external positions. Those heavily dependent on foreign capital are prone to liquidity and solvency crises as well as domestic financial turmoil. The new practices adopted in recent years including more flexible exchange rate regimes, accumulation of large stocks of international reserves or borrowing in local currency would not provide much of a buffer against severe external shocks such as those that may result from the normalization of monetary policy in the US. And the multilateral system is still lacking adequate mechanisms for an orderly and equitable resolution of external financial instability and crises in EDEs. En ligne : http://www.southcentre.int/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/RP60_Internationalization- [...] Internationalization of Finance and Changing Vulnerabilities in Emerging and Developing Economies [document électronique] . - Genève : South Centre, January 2015 . - 112 p. - (Research Paper; 60) .
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Finance internationale Résumé : After a series of crises with severe economic and social consequences in the 1990s and early 2000s, emerging and developing economies (EDEs) have become even more closely integrated into what is widely recognized as an inherently unstable international financial system. Both policies in these countries and a highly accommodating global financial environment have played a role. Not only have their traditional cross-border linkages been deepened and external balance sheets expanded rapidly, but also foreign presence in their domestic credit, bond, equity and property markets has reached unprecedented levels. New channels have thus emerged for the transmission of financial shocks from global boom-bust cycles. Almost all EDEs are now vulnerable irrespective of their balance-of-payments, external debt, net foreign assets and international reserve positions although these play an important role in the way such shocks could impinge on them. Stability of domestic banking and asset markets is susceptible even in countries with strong external positions. Those heavily dependent on foreign capital are prone to liquidity and solvency crises as well as domestic financial turmoil. The new practices adopted in recent years including more flexible exchange rate regimes, accumulation of large stocks of international reserves or borrowing in local currency would not provide much of a buffer against severe external shocks such as those that may result from the normalization of monetary policy in the US. And the multilateral system is still lacking adequate mechanisms for an orderly and equitable resolution of external financial instability and crises in EDEs. En ligne : http://www.southcentre.int/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/RP60_Internationalization- [...] Documents numériques
RP60_Internationalization-of-Finance-and-Changing-Vulnerabilities-in-EDEs_EN.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
