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Titre : Labor markets in an era of adjustment : an overview Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Susan Horton, Auteur ; Ravi Kanbur, Auteur ; Dipak Mazumdar Editeur : Washington [USA] : The World Bank Année de publication : May 1991 Collection : Policy Research Working Paper num. WPS694 Importance : 86 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Travail Tags : Emploi Travail Marché du travail PAS Monde Résumé : The authors have written an overview of 19 papers in a symposium devoted to an examination of the interaction between labor markets and adjustment. The purpose of their commentary is to draw general conclusions and policy lessons and to identify areas for further research. The papers include 7 issue papers and 12 country studies (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand). The country studies bring together a wealth of information that will be useful to researchers. The evidence on real wages casts considerable doubt on theoretical concerns about aggregate real wage rigidity and labor market inflexibility as a hinderance to adjustment. Declines in real wages have been dramatic and often far greater than the fall in GDP. For some countries, the declines in real wages may have been large enough to have aggregated demand effects that inhibit recovery. The studies also discuss the consequences of labor market adjustment on income distribution, gender, and human capital. The conclusions here are less clear-cut. The issue papers highlight complexities that point to country-specific answers. While real wage declines will worsen poverty, improvement in the rural-urban terms of trade during adjustment will have the opposite effect. Similarly, while employment shrinkages are likely to affect women adversely, a high female-labor intensity of tradables can serve as a countervailing force. En ligne : http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/524881468767053880/Labor-markets-in-an [...] Labor markets in an era of adjustment : an overview [document électronique] / Susan Horton, Auteur ; Ravi Kanbur, Auteur ; Dipak Mazumdar . - Washington (1818 H Street, NW, USA) : The World Bank, May 1991 . - 86 p. - (Policy Research Working Paper; WPS694) .
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Travail Tags : Emploi Travail Marché du travail PAS Monde Résumé : The authors have written an overview of 19 papers in a symposium devoted to an examination of the interaction between labor markets and adjustment. The purpose of their commentary is to draw general conclusions and policy lessons and to identify areas for further research. The papers include 7 issue papers and 12 country studies (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand). The country studies bring together a wealth of information that will be useful to researchers. The evidence on real wages casts considerable doubt on theoretical concerns about aggregate real wage rigidity and labor market inflexibility as a hinderance to adjustment. Declines in real wages have been dramatic and often far greater than the fall in GDP. For some countries, the declines in real wages may have been large enough to have aggregated demand effects that inhibit recovery. The studies also discuss the consequences of labor market adjustment on income distribution, gender, and human capital. The conclusions here are less clear-cut. The issue papers highlight complexities that point to country-specific answers. While real wage declines will worsen poverty, improvement in the rural-urban terms of trade during adjustment will have the opposite effect. Similarly, while employment shrinkages are likely to affect women adversely, a high female-labor intensity of tradables can serve as a countervailing force. En ligne : http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/524881468767053880/Labor-markets-in-an [...]
Titre : Privatization and labor : what happens to workers when governments divest? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sunita Kikeri, Auteur Editeur : Washington [USA] : The World Bank Année de publication : 1998 Collection : World Bank Technical Paper num. 396 Importance : 46 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Libéralisation Tags : Emploi Travail Secteur public Privatisation Index. décimale : 04.05 Services publics Résumé : Many developing countries have launched ambitious privatization programs to improve. A universal concern in this process is that privatization will cause major job losses as new owners of privatized firms shed excess labor to improve efficiency and as divesting governments cut the workforce to prepare for privatization. Drawing on the experiences of mixed economies, this paper examines the effects privatization has on labor. It also attempts to find out the mechanisms that governments can use to minimize the political and social costs of labor adjustments and the conditions they work best. The paper finds that in cases where efficiency improvements require large scale labor force adjustments, privatization can proceed smoothly if governments take early steps to inform and involve labor unions and workers in the reform process, develop a menu of restructuring options, help workers on a targeted basis to reintegrate into the labor market, and eliminate obstacles to private job creation. The paper concludes with a brief review of World Bank support for labor adjustment in the context of enterprise restructuring and privatization. En ligne : http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/678321468739295083/Privatization-and-l [...] Privatization and labor : what happens to workers when governments divest? [texte imprimé] / Sunita Kikeri, Auteur . - Washington (1818 H Street, NW, USA) : The World Bank, 1998 . - 46 p. - (World Bank Technical Paper; 396) .
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Libéralisation Tags : Emploi Travail Secteur public Privatisation Index. décimale : 04.05 Services publics Résumé : Many developing countries have launched ambitious privatization programs to improve. A universal concern in this process is that privatization will cause major job losses as new owners of privatized firms shed excess labor to improve efficiency and as divesting governments cut the workforce to prepare for privatization. Drawing on the experiences of mixed economies, this paper examines the effects privatization has on labor. It also attempts to find out the mechanisms that governments can use to minimize the political and social costs of labor adjustments and the conditions they work best. The paper finds that in cases where efficiency improvements require large scale labor force adjustments, privatization can proceed smoothly if governments take early steps to inform and involve labor unions and workers in the reform process, develop a menu of restructuring options, help workers on a targeted basis to reintegrate into the labor market, and eliminate obstacles to private job creation. The paper concludes with a brief review of World Bank support for labor adjustment in the context of enterprise restructuring and privatization. En ligne : http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/678321468739295083/Privatization-and-l [...]
Titre : Problem-driven governance and political economy analysis : Good practice framework Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Verena Fritz, Auteur ; Kai Kaiser, Auteur ; Brian Levy Editeur : Washington [USA] : The World Bank Année de publication : September 2009 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Aide au développement Tags : Aide au développement Economie politique Gouvernance Résumé : Governance and political economy analysis has a crucial part to play in enhancing the effectiveness of development. Across the World Bank, there is a widely shared perception that we need to gain a better understanding of the environments in which Bank operations are taking place and seek to promote progressive change (IEG 2006, 2008). This coincides with an increasing recognition that governance and political economy (GPE) factors play a powerful role not only in a country’s overall development path, but also for shaping policies in various sectors and the way they are being implemented. Moreover, an analytic approach to governance and political economy is essential to making progress in addressing governance to unlock development, as committed to in the 2007 GAC Strategy and subsequent Implementation Plan.
The objective of this good practice framework is to systematize approaches to governance and political economy analysis and to provide readily available orientation for World Bank task team leaders (TTLs) and teams. This framework does not set out a particular product. It takes the general view that in order to improve development effectiveness, GPE diagnostics should become integral to preparing and implementing Bank strategies and operations. The key intention of the framework is to propose standards for such diagnostics and to synthesize lessons learned.
The framework is primarily intended for a World Bank audience. It is important for World Bank management and staff to devote greater attention to the governance and political economy dimensions of development challenges. This can best be facilitated by a discussion that is tailored to the needs of such an audience. However, this is also a public document, and many of the ideas and issues set out here may be of interest to stakeholders in client countries (such as researchers and civil society groups), and to other development agencies and multilateral development banks (MDBs). This good practice framework is one key pillar of an internal Sharepoint web resource (http://connect.worldbank.org/units/prem/PDGPEA/PGPE/default.aspx). The web site makes the range of approaches and applications which this framework synthesizes available in full. It also provides a platform for sharing GPE analytic products with other Bank staff. The framework and the site are intended to facilitate access to a variety of approaches to governance andpolitical economy analysis, as well as to facilitate exchange and feedback around existing and planned work. It is intended to support an emerging community of practice (CoP) for GPE analysis that spans different units and regions across the Bank.En ligne : http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTPUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/Resources/PGPEbo [...] Problem-driven governance and political economy analysis : Good practice framework [document électronique] / Verena Fritz, Auteur ; Kai Kaiser, Auteur ; Brian Levy . - Washington (1818 H Street, NW, USA) : The World Bank, September 2009.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Aide au développement Tags : Aide au développement Economie politique Gouvernance Résumé : Governance and political economy analysis has a crucial part to play in enhancing the effectiveness of development. Across the World Bank, there is a widely shared perception that we need to gain a better understanding of the environments in which Bank operations are taking place and seek to promote progressive change (IEG 2006, 2008). This coincides with an increasing recognition that governance and political economy (GPE) factors play a powerful role not only in a country’s overall development path, but also for shaping policies in various sectors and the way they are being implemented. Moreover, an analytic approach to governance and political economy is essential to making progress in addressing governance to unlock development, as committed to in the 2007 GAC Strategy and subsequent Implementation Plan.
The objective of this good practice framework is to systematize approaches to governance and political economy analysis and to provide readily available orientation for World Bank task team leaders (TTLs) and teams. This framework does not set out a particular product. It takes the general view that in order to improve development effectiveness, GPE diagnostics should become integral to preparing and implementing Bank strategies and operations. The key intention of the framework is to propose standards for such diagnostics and to synthesize lessons learned.
The framework is primarily intended for a World Bank audience. It is important for World Bank management and staff to devote greater attention to the governance and political economy dimensions of development challenges. This can best be facilitated by a discussion that is tailored to the needs of such an audience. However, this is also a public document, and many of the ideas and issues set out here may be of interest to stakeholders in client countries (such as researchers and civil society groups), and to other development agencies and multilateral development banks (MDBs). This good practice framework is one key pillar of an internal Sharepoint web resource (http://connect.worldbank.org/units/prem/PDGPEA/PGPE/default.aspx). The web site makes the range of approaches and applications which this framework synthesizes available in full. It also provides a platform for sharing GPE analytic products with other Bank staff. The framework and the site are intended to facilitate access to a variety of approaches to governance andpolitical economy analysis, as well as to facilitate exchange and feedback around existing and planned work. It is intended to support an emerging community of practice (CoP) for GPE analysis that spans different units and regions across the Bank.En ligne : http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTPUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/Resources/PGPEbo [...] Documents numériques
Problem-driven governance and political economy analysisAdobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : Scrambling for Survival : How Firms Adjusted to the Recent Reforms in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Vittorio Corbo, Auteur ; Jaime de Melo, Auteur Editeur : Washington [USA] : The World Bank Année de publication : 1985 Importance : 226 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Amérique latine
CommerceTags : Production industrielle Marchés financiers Commerce mondial Matières premières Amérique du sud Index. décimale : 09.03 Amériques Résumé : The authors who prepared this report carried out interviews with managers in manufacturing and agricultural exporting firms that elicited reactions about the favorable and unfavorable shocks caused by the reforms, the credibility and consistency of the reform packages, and the major adjustments in the firms' operations. The findings show that firms benefit from the removal of price controls, restrictive labor laws, and laws restricting the purchase of foreign know-how. But they were hurt by the pronounced real exchange rate appreciation and high real interest rates for peso borrowing toward the end of the reforms. In Argentina and Uruguay policy reversals often delayed adjustments in the operation of firms. Nonetheless, almost all managers reported that the reforms forced them to increase their operating efficiency because of greater import competition. In Chile, where liberalization was more widespread and where there was less doubt about reversibility, adjustments were the greatest. Productivity increases there were mostly achieved by reducing product variety and dismissing labor. En ligne : http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934-1322593305595/8 [...] Scrambling for Survival : How Firms Adjusted to the Recent Reforms in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay [document électronique] / Vittorio Corbo, Auteur ; Jaime de Melo, Auteur . - Washington (1818 H Street, NW, USA) : The World Bank, 1985 . - 226 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Amérique latine
CommerceTags : Production industrielle Marchés financiers Commerce mondial Matières premières Amérique du sud Index. décimale : 09.03 Amériques Résumé : The authors who prepared this report carried out interviews with managers in manufacturing and agricultural exporting firms that elicited reactions about the favorable and unfavorable shocks caused by the reforms, the credibility and consistency of the reform packages, and the major adjustments in the firms' operations. The findings show that firms benefit from the removal of price controls, restrictive labor laws, and laws restricting the purchase of foreign know-how. But they were hurt by the pronounced real exchange rate appreciation and high real interest rates for peso borrowing toward the end of the reforms. In Argentina and Uruguay policy reversals often delayed adjustments in the operation of firms. Nonetheless, almost all managers reported that the reforms forced them to increase their operating efficiency because of greater import competition. In Chile, where liberalization was more widespread and where there was less doubt about reversibility, adjustments were the greatest. Productivity increases there were mostly achieved by reducing product variety and dismissing labor. En ligne : http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934-1322593305595/8 [...] Telecommunications and economic development / Robert Saunders
Titre : Telecommunications and economic development Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Robert Saunders, Auteur ; Jeremy Warford, Auteur ; Bjorn Wellenius, Auteur Editeur : Washington [USA] : The World Bank Année de publication : 1993 Importance : 467 p Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Développement économique Tags : Télécommunications Développement économique Investissement public Index. décimale : 06.03 Bretton Woods Résumé : This revised edition has three objectives: to review the available evidence on the role of telecommunications in economic development, to outline the principles and techniques of economic analysis that can be used in allocating telecommunications investment for economic development, and to connect this field to the rapidly growing literature on reforming the telecommunications sector. This edition updates previous statistical tables and adds new tables; replaces and expands case material to reflect recent experiences; incorporates material on pricing that emphasizes practical approaches to setting tariffs and that reflects the shift of regulatory attention from costs to prices; and revises material on technology and costs to reflect the fast pace of innovation. Telecommunications and economic development [texte imprimé] / Robert Saunders, Auteur ; Jeremy Warford, Auteur ; Bjorn Wellenius, Auteur . - Washington (1818 H Street, NW, USA) : The World Bank, 1993 . - 467 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Catégories : Développement économique Tags : Télécommunications Développement économique Investissement public Index. décimale : 06.03 Bretton Woods Résumé : This revised edition has three objectives: to review the available evidence on the role of telecommunications in economic development, to outline the principles and techniques of economic analysis that can be used in allocating telecommunications investment for economic development, and to connect this field to the rapidly growing literature on reforming the telecommunications sector. This edition updates previous statistical tables and adds new tables; replaces and expands case material to reflect recent experiences; incorporates material on pricing that emphasizes practical approaches to setting tariffs and that reflects the shift of regulatory attention from costs to prices; and revises material on technology and costs to reflect the fast pace of innovation. PermalinkPermalink